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The efficacy of a new self-training program of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback and Thought Field Therapy to improve anxiety, insomnia, and quality of life

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Ayame Morikawa, PhD, Naoko Okamoto, PhD, and Iwao Yokuda, MA

Abstract

This study investigated improvements and impact of our new self-training program using Thought Filed Therapy (TFT) and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) with HeartMath techniques designed to reduce anxiety and insomnia and improve quality of life. The program includes five two-hour workshops for two months and TFT and biofeedback self-training between the workshops. Ten participants with symptoms of anxiety or panic attacks attended the program. Trait anxiety ratings on the post-intervention administration of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) showed significant reduction in participants’ anxiety levels compared to pre-intervention ratings (P<0.01). Insomnia and Happiness Scale measures also indicated significant pre- and post-intervention changes (P<.05). Results of STAI administered at the two and a half months follow-up (n=8) indicated that improvements were maintained overtime. The researchers suggested that the new training may be a cost effective and time saving program for improving symptoms of anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, and quality of life.

Introduction

Those who suffer from anxiety and panic attacks are increasing in Japan and are likely to depend on medication. Even though some are willing to have drug-free life, they may in fact depend on medication to alleviate anxiety about going outside, taking a train, and even terminating medication.

Thought Field Therapy (TFT) (Callahan, 1995) is an evidence-based approach to treat negative emotions and symptoms including trauma, depression, and anxiety by tapping on the meridian points of the body. The preliminary meta-analysis (Edwards & Vanchu-Orosco, 2017) showed significant improvements in trauma or PTSD symptoms across studies (Johnson, Shala, Sejdijaj, Odell, & Dabishevci, 2001; Folks, 2002; Sakai, Connolly, & Oas, 2010), including controlled studies (Connolly & Sakai, 2011; Connolly, Roe-Sepowitz, Sakai, & Edwards, 2013; Robson, Robson, Ludwig, Mitabu, & Phillips, 2016). Irgens and colleagues, in their randomized controlled study, suggested that TFT may have enduring anxiety-reducing effect (Irgens et al., 2012). In their study, they compared Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and TFT on effectiveness in treating agoraphobia and concluded that TFT as an alternative approach may be a more predictable and more time-efficient therapy than CBT.

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) is accompanied by slowed respiration at a rate of 0.1Hz, which is thought to induce physiological coherence among the heart rate, blood pressure, and vascular tone (Vaschillo, Lehrer, Rishe, & Konstantinov, 2002; Vaschillo, Vaschilo, & Lehrer, 2004). HRVB has been shown to significantly improve not only medical conditions such as asthma, congestive heart failure, and hypertension but also posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, and insomnia (McCraty & Childre, 2010; Siepmann, Aykac, Unterdorfer, Petrowski, & Mueck-Weymann, 2008).

As a part of their research at HeartMath Institute, McCraty and Zayas (2014) reported that positive emotions are independently associated with psychophysiological coherence which improves optimal cognitive functioning, emotional stability, and self-regulation. HeartMath technique is programed through the use of heart rate variability and heart rhythm coherence feedback training. Edwards (2015) emphasized that regular HeartMath practice enhances awareness of energy depletion, renewal and resilience in preparing for challenges as well as shifting and resetting feelings after challenges.

Objective

Through our clinical practice, we observed that an integrated approach of eliminating negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions, resilience, and self-regulation skills is effective for clients in overcoming anxiety and panic attacks. Based on our observations, we developed a new self-training program for those who want to be able to ride a train without panic symptoms. This new program utilizes a smartphone app and an ear sensor, offering self-help training in TFT tapping and HeartMath breathing techniques that help clients treat or alleviate their anxiety and any other associated symptoms by themselves. TFT is characterized by alleviating negative emotions and symptoms instantly and HeartMath program enhances individual’s resilience and positive emotions. Moreover, both self-help trainings may improve psychophysiological self-regulation. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of our new program.

Method

Ten participants included 8 females and 2 males, ranging from 31 to 67 years of age (M=49.8, SD=9.98). Among 10 participants, five were diagnosed with the panic disorder, three presented with anxiety, one was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, and one with depression. Two of them also presented with obsessive compulsive symptoms. Six of them were taking anti-anxiety and/or other medication prescriptions. The program was designed for two months, during which all participants were required to attend five two-hour workshops, where they learned TFT and HRVB step by step, shared their experiences and feelings and were able to ask questions and receive feedback. The participants were also engaged in self-training and exercises between the workshops. The instructor monitored their biofeedback data online and gave advice when necessary. The STAI (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), the Athens Insomnia Scale (Soldatos, Dikeos, & Paparrigopoulos, 2000), and the Happiness Scale (Sato et al., 1995) were administered to all participants in a pre- and post-intervention design to evaluate the effect of our new training program on their wellbeing. After two and a half months, STAI levels were assessed again as a follow-up measure.

Results

The trait anxiety levels on STAI post-intervention measure showed significant reduction from a pre-intervention mean of 52.8 (SD=9.3) to 40.7(SD=9.6), with the large effect size of 0.715 (Cohen’s d at P<.01). The results on both Insomnia and Happiness Scale indicated significant changes at 5% levels with medium effect sizes, d =0.46 and d =0.45 respectively. Insomnia ratings indicated significant symptom reduction from a mean of 8.8 (SD=3.2) to 3.9 (SD=2.6). The Happiness Scale results showed improvement in quality of life reports from a mean of 43.0 (SD=8.7) to 49.3 (SD=6.0). The STAI follow-up after two and a half months (n=8) revealed significant improvement compared to pre-intervention, from a mean of 54 (SD=9.2) to 41.6 (SD=7.1) (p<.01).There were no significant differences between post-intervention and the follow-up results on the STAI measure, means of 43 (SD=9.3) and 41.6 (SD=7.1) respectively.

Discussion

The findings of this study revealed that our new program is significantly effective in each of the dependent variables: trait anxiety, insomnia, and quality of life. As indicated by the results of STAI at the two and a half months follow-up, improvements in anxiety levels were maintained. Self-reports during interviews revealed that those who used anti-anxiety drugs prior to intervention successfully reduced or terminated the medication intake. One of the participants was successfully able to take a flight overseas without medication. Similarly, all of those who had been taking medication could get on busy subways in Tokyo with reduced medication or completely terminated medication regiment. The program is designed for the participants to explore their ability to change their psychophysiological states in workshops and to continue working on them at home with the biofeedback app as their personal trainer. The participants are able to continue their self-training after the program is over. The program may be time-saving and cost effective for both clients and therapists.

Reference

Callahan, R. J. (1995). A Thought Field Therapy (TFT) algorithm for trauma. Traumatology, 1(1).

Connolly, S. M., & Sakai, C. E. (2011). Brief trauma symptom intervention with Rwandan genocide survivors using Thought Field Therapy. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13(3), 161-172.

Connolly, S. M., Roe-Sepowitz, D., Sakai, C. E., & Edwards, J. (2013). Utilizing community resources to treat PTSD: A randomized controlled study using Thought Field Therapy. African Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), 24-32.

Edwards, J. & Vanchu-Orosco, M. (2017). A meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized trials of Thought Field Therapy (TFT) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Preliminary results, presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Comprehensive Energy Psychology, San Antonio, Texas. Association for Comprehensive Energy Psychology, 2017.

Edwards, S. D. (2015). HeartMath: A positive psychology paradigm for promoting psychophysiological and global coherence. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 25(4), 367-374.

Folkes, C. (2002). Thought Field Therapy and trauma recovery. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 4, 99-103.

Irgens, A. C., Hoffart, A., Nysæter, T. E., Haaland, V. Ø., Borge, F.-M., Pripp, A. H., . . . Dammen, T. (2017). Thought Field Therapy compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and wait-list for agoraphobia: A randomized, controlled study with a 12-month followup. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1027. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01027

Johnson, C., Shala, M., Sejdijaj, X., Odell, R., & Dabishevci, K. (2001). Thought Field Therapy: Soothing the bad moments of Kosovo. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(10), 1237-1240.

McCraty, R. & Childre, D. (2010). Coherence: Bridging personal, social, and global health. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 16(4), 1.0-24.

McCraty, R. & Zayas, M. A. (2014). Cardiac coherence, self-regulation, autonomic stability, and psychosocial well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 5: 1090. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01090.

Robson, R. H., Robson, P. M., Ludwig, R., Mitabu C., & Phillips, C. (2016). Effectiveness of Thought Field Therapy provided by newly instructed community workers to a traumatized population in Uganda: A randomized trial. Current Research in Psychology, 5(1), 34-39. doi:10.3844/crpsp.2014.34.39.

Sakai, C., Connolly, S., & Oas, P. (2010). Treatment of PTSD in Rwanda genocide survivors using Thought Field Therapy. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 12(1), 41-49.

Sato, Takano, Kondo, Matsumoto, & Roozen (1995). ‘Manzokudo Scale’ was originally developed from ‘Happiness Scale’ retrieved from Happiness Scale” Meyers, R.J., and Smith, J.E. (1995). Clinical guide to alcohol treatment: The community reinforcement approach. (p.95). New York: Guilfor Press.

Siepmann, M., Aykac, V., Unterdörfer, J., Petrowski, K., & Mueck-Weymann, M. (2008). A pilot study on the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback in patients with depression and in healthy subjects. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 33(4), 195-201.

Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. (2000). Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 555-560.

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Vaschillo, E., Lehrer, P., Rishe, N., & Konstantinov, M. (2002). Heart rate variability biofeedback as a method for assessing baroreflex function: A preliminary study for resonance in the cardiovascular system. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27, 1-27.

Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., & Lehrer, P. (2004). Heartbeat synchronizes with respiratory rhythm only under specific circumstances. Chest,126,1385−1386.

 

Ayame Morikawa, Ph.D., is a psychologist and a chairperson of the Japanese Association for Thought Field Therapy (JATFT). She is a Voice Technology therapist and a Thought Field Therapy (TFT) trainer and the author of three books on TFT self-help. She is a Certified HeartMath Trainer and teaches Heart Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback program. She has offered TFT training to more than 2,000 professionals and has been engaged in disaster assistance after earthquake, flood, and gun shooting in Japan. Dr. Morikawa started TFT Partner, the new program of humanitarian assistance using Community Reinforcement Approach. She received the Humanitarian Award of 2016 from ACEP. She also serves on the United Nations World Human Facility (WHF).

 

Naoko Okamoto, Ph.D., is a professor at the faculty of Comprehensive Psychology at Ritsumeikan University. She is a licensed clinical psychologist, art therapist, developmental psychologist, TFT advanced therapist, TFT trainer, and a certified HRV Breathing Coach. She is the author of numerous articles such as “A study on self-expression and interchange with others in group psychotherapy through group finger painting for university students“ and “The proposal for the notion of Dramism in psychotherapy as a key to seeking therapeutic meaning of expression”. She also is the author of many books such as “The meaning of drama in the context of clinical psychology” and “The standard of psychology”. Dr. Okamoto has an extensive clinical experience working at elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels as well as in a psychiatric hospital as a psychotherapist.

 

Iwao Yokuda, M.A., is a professor of Osaka Yuhigaoka Gakuen junior college. He is a licensed clinical psychologist, TFT advanced therapist, TFT trainer, and a certified HRV Breathing Coach. He is the author of numerous articles such as “A case study of bullying solved by cooperation with concerned teachers and the second grade junior high-school boy with problem behavior”. Mr. Yokuda has rich experience in the field of education and welfare, including provision of services as a psychological evaluator at a child guidance center, a school counselor at junior high and elementary school levels, and delivering counseling to students at a university. Currently, he teaches at the junior college and provides counseling to university students.

Recent evidence for effectiveness of TFT for treating PTSD

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Feinstein, D. (2008). Energy psychology in disaster relief. Traumatology, 14, 127-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534765608315636

Sakai, C. E., Connolly, S. M., & Oas, P. (2010). Treatment of PTSD in Rwandan child genocide survivors using Thought Field Therapy.  International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 12(1), 41-50.

Connolly, S. (2011). Brief Trauma Intervention with Rwandan Genocide-Survivors Using Thought Field Therapy. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13(3), 161-172.

Feinstein, D. (2012). Acupoint stimulation in treating psychological disorders: Evidence of efficacy. Review of General Psychology, 16, 364-380. doi:10.1037/a0028602

Connolly, S. M., Roe-Sepowitz, D., Sakai, C., & Edwards, J. (2013). Utilizing Community Resources to Treat PTSD: A Randomized Controlled Study Using Thought Field Therapy. African Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), 24-32.

CDs and DVDs on Thought Field Therapy®

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  • Callahan, R.J. (1997). Introduction to Thought Field Therapy®. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J. (1995). Five-minute phobia cure. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J. (1987). Stop smoking now! La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J. (1994). Love pain and other traumas. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J. (2001). Stress, health, and the heart. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J. (2009). Cancer and Thought Field Therapy® (MP3). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J. (2009). The Miracles of Thought Field Therapy®: Cures for common phobias, addictions & traumatic situations (DVD). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J., & Callahan, J. (2008). Introduction to TFT self-study course (Manual and MP3s of live event). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J., & Callahan, J. (2009). Tapping the healer within: 8-week self-study course (manual and 9 MP3s). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R.J., Edwards, J., Cowley, M., Milbank, C., (with Hanson, D.). (2006). Introduction to Thought Field Therapy®. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R. (1997). TFT and heart rate variability: An interview with Fuller Royal, MD: The video. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R. (1998). Causal diagnosis home study course. La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R. (2004). Stress, health, and your heart. (CD). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Callahan, R., & Callahan, J. (2003). Sensitivities, intolerances & individual energy toxins: How to identify & neutralize them with Thought Field Therapy® (DVDs and Manual). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Danzig, V. (1999). PET-TFT (DVD). La Jolla, CA: Author.
  • Sakai, C. (2008). ATFT Foundation post TFT treatment interviews with students and teachers (DVD). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Sakai, C. (2008). El Shaddai . . . Beyond genocide (DVD). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Sakai, C. (2008). Return to Rwanda: ATFT trauma relief mission (DVD). La Quinta, CA: Callahan Techniques.
  • Semmens, C. (2007). FearFix. (DVDs and CDs.) (www.fearfix.com)
  • Sise, M. (DVDs): Available at www.integrativepsy.com
  • TFT for Stress Management & Peak Performance
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  • Transforming the Trauma of the World Trade Center

Research on TFT

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  • Schwartz SA, Utts J, Spottiswoode J, Shade C, Tully L, Morris, W, and Nachman, G. A Study to Assess the Validity of Applied Kinesiology (AK) as a Diagnostic Tool and as a Nonlocal Proximity Effect. Proceedings, Parapsychological Association Meetings, 2009. Brit. Med. Jour. (in review, 2011). Presented as selected paper, Parapsychological Association annual meetings, Seattle, WA. 17 July 2009, and as a selected paper at the BIAL Foundation Conference, Porto, Portgugal. 8 April 2010.

Books in Which Offshoots of TFT are Mentioned

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  • Grodner, B.S., & Reid, D.B. (2010). Permanent habit control: Practitioner’s guide to using hypnosis and other alternative health strategies. New York, NY: Springer.

Research on TFT upper

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  • Fifty teenagers who had been orphaned 12 years earlier in the Rwandan genocide received a single session of TFT. Their scores decreased significantly on a checklist of PTSD symptoms that was completed by their caretakers and a self-administered checklist of PTSD symptoms. They experienced reductions in symptoms related to PTSD and maintained the improvements a year later.

Research on TFT lower

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Sakai, C.E., Connolly, S.M., & Oas, P. (2010). Treatment of PTSD in Rwandan child genocide survivors using Thought Field Therapy. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 12(1), 41-50.

Pasahow, R.J. (2009). Energy psychology and Thought Field Therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. International Tinnitus Journal, 15(2), 130-133.
(This article contains two case studies in which Thought Field Therapy was found to be effective in treating anxiety and depression symptoms in participants who were suffering from tinnitus.)

Schoninger, B., & Hartung, J. (2010). Changes on self-report measures of public speaking anxiety following treatment with Thought Field Therapy. Energy Psychology: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2(1).

Articles on TFT

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  • Bray, R. (2007). Thought Field Therapy: Working through traumatic stress without the overwhelming responses. Violence & Abuse Abstracts, 13(4).
  • Dujany, R. (1997). Un attento studio delle emozioni. Medicina Naturale, 6, 30-32.
  • Sakai, C. (2010). A smile after the storm. Psychotherapy Networker, 34(6).
  • Wiseman, R. (2010). Tapping away your bad memories. The Daily Mail, Monday, July 12. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1293914/Can-really-erase-lifes-traumatic-events-memory-tapping-fingers.html

Books on Offshoots of Thought Field Therapy

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Books on Offshoots of Thought Field Therapy
®

  • Alman, B.M., & Lambrou, P. (1992). Self-hypnosis: The complete manual for self-change (2nd ed.). East Sussex, UK: Routledge.

  • Arenson, G. (2009). EFT for procrastination: (EFT: emotional freedom techniques). Fulton, CA:
    Energy Psychology Press.

  • Arenson, G. (2001). Five simple steps to emotional healing: The last self-help book you will ever
    need
    . Whitby, ON: Fireside.

  • Ball, R., & Mercola, J. (2006). Freedom at your fingertips: Get rapid physical and emotional relief with the breakthrough system of tapping. Fredericksburg, VA: Inroads Publishing.

  • Busen, S.J. (2007). Tap into joy: A guide to emotional freedom techniques for kids and their parents. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.

  • Busen, S.J. (2008). Tap into success: A guide to thriving in college using emotional freedom techniques. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.

  • Carrington, P. (2008). Discover the power of meridian tapping: Attracting abundance with EFT. Newtown, CT: Try It Productions.

  • Carrington, P. (2008). Try it on everything: Discover the power of EFT. Newtown, CT: Try It Productions.

  • Carrington, P. (2008). A guide to TappyBear (How to use Tappy for your child and yourself).

  • Carrington, P. (2008). TappyBear instruction system: Everything you need to teach your child EFT
    in a playful way
    .

  • Compton, A., & Compton, C. (2009). Freedom from the plague: Overcoming pornography addiction using emotional freedom techniques (EFT). Wholesomelives Press.

  • Craig, G. (2008). The EFT manual (EFT: Emotional freedom techniques). Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press.

  • Craig, G. (2009). EFT for back pain (EFT: Emotional freedom techniques. Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press.

  • Craig, G. (2009). EFT for PTSD (EFT: Emotional freedom techniques). Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press.

  • Craig, G. (2011). The EFT manual (Everyday EFT: Emotional Freedom Techniques). Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press

  • Dodsley, C.A., & Chase, S. (2008). How to do EFT with Chez: Emotional freedom techniques. Choose Changes.

  • Doose, J.A. (2004). EFT: Emotional freedom techniques. Munich: Nymphenburger Verlag.

  • Eden, D., & Feinstein, D. (2008). Energy medicine: Balancing your body’s energies for optimal
    health, joy, and vitality.
    New York: Tarcher.

  • Feinstein, D. (2004). Energy psychology interactive: Rapid interventions for lasting change. Ashland, OR: Innersource.

  • Feinstein, D., Eden, D., & Craig, G., & Bowen, M. (2005). The promise of energy psychology: Revolutionary tools for dramatic personal change. New York: Jeremy Tarcher.

  • Flint, G.A. (2001). Emotional freedom: Techniques for dealing with emotional and physical distress (Rev. ed.). Vernon, BC: NeoSolTerric Enterprises.

  • Fone, H. (2008). Emotional freedom technique for dummies. For Dummies.

  • Gallo, F.P. (1999). Energy psychology: Explorations at the interface of energy, cognition behavior,
    and health
    . Boston: CRC Press.

  • Gallo, F.P. (2000). Energy diagnostic and treatment methods. New York: Norton.

  • Gallo, F.P., & Vincenzi, H. (2000). Energy tapping. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

  • Gallo, F.P., & Robbins, A. (2007). Energy tapping for trauma: Rapid relief from post-traumatic stress using energy psychology. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

  • Gazley, J. Emotional freedom technique or EFT. Kindle edition.

  • Gazley, J. (2008). Thought_Field_Therapy. Kindle edition.

  • Hartmann, S. (2000). Adventures in EFT: The essential field guide to emotional freedom techniques. Eastbourne, UK: DragonRising.

  • Hartung, J., & Galvin, M. (2003). Energy psychology and EMDR: Combining forces to optimize treatment. New York: Norton.

  • Hass, R. (2010). EFT for fibromyalgia (EFT: Emotional freedom techniques). Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press.

  • Hass, R. (2009). EFT for the highly sensitive temperament (EFT: emotional freedom techniques). Fulton, CA: Energy
    Psychology Press.

  • Hooper, D.R., & Hooper, D. (2009). 10-day money makeover: Simple steps to create more money
    and financial prosperity
    using emotional freedom technique (EFT). BoldThoughts.com.

  • Lambrou, P., & Pratt, G. (2006). Instant emotional healing: Acupressure for the emotions. Louisville, KY: Broadway Press.

  • Look, C. (2006). Improve your eyesight with EFT*: *Emotional Freedom Techniques. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.

  • Look, C. (2008). Attracting abundance with EFT (2nd ed.). Coeur d’Alene, ID: Crown Median and Printing.

  • Marks, B.L. (2007). EFT for a healthy and pain free life. (Kindle edition).

  • McKenna, P. (2008). I can make you thin: The revolutionary system used by more than 3 million people. Berkshire, UK: Sterling.

  • Mollon, P. (2005). EMDR and the energy therapies: Psychoanalytic perspectives. London: Karnac Books.

  • Mollon, P. (2008). Psychoanalytic energy psychotherapy. London: Karnac.

  • Mountrose, P., & Mountrose, J. (1999). Getting thru to your emotions with EFT: Tap into your hidden potential with emotional freedom techniques. Arroyo Grande, CA: Holistic Communications.

  • Mountrose, P., & Mountrose, J. (2006). The heart and soul of EFT and beyond: A soulful exploration
    of the emotional freedom techniques and holistic healing
    . Arroyo Grande, CA: Holistic Communications.

  • Muccillo, A. (2008). Tapping for kids: A children’s guide to emotional freedom technique (EFT). Eastbourne, UK: DragonRising.

  • Oschman, J.L. (2000). Energy medicine: The scientific basis. London: Churchill Livingstone.

  • Oschman, J. (2003). Energy medicine in therapeutics and human performance. London: Butterworth Heinemann.

  • Salomon, S. (2008). It is in your hands: Emotional freedom technique: The power to eliminate stress, anxiety, and all negative emotions. SpiralPress.

  • Servan-Schreiber, D. (2005). Healing without Freud or Prozac: Natural approaches to curing stress, anxiety and depression without drugs and without psychoanalysis (Translated from the original French). Emmaus, PA: Rodale.

  • Temes, R. (2006). The tapping cure: A revolutionary system for rapid relief from phobias, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and more. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.

  • Theta healing brainwave to use with EFT emotional freedom techniques energy tapping. (2008). CreateSpace.

  • Unsworth, A. (2009). EFT (emotional freedom techniques) for children. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.

Books on Topics Related to Thought Field Therapy

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Books on Topics Related to Thought Field Therapy
®

  • Arnold, M. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Bates, W.H. (1943). The Bates Method for better eyesight without glasses. New York: Holt.
  • Becker, R.O. (1992). Crosscurrents. New York: Tarcher.
  • Becker, R. O., & Selden, G.  (1985). The body electric: Electromagnetism and the foundation of life.
    New York: Quill.
  • Bohm, D. (1957). Causality and chance in modern physics. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, London.
  • Bohm, D. (1965, 1989). The special theory of relativity. Advanced Book Classics. New York: Addison-Wesley.
  • Bohm, D. (1980, 1983). Wholeness and the implicate order. New York: Routledge & Keegan Paul.
  • Bohm, D., & Hiley, B.J. (1993). The undivided universe: An ontological interpretation of quantum theory.
    New York: Routledge.
  • Bohm, D., & Peat, D. (1987). Science and creativity. New York: Bantam.
  • Brody, H. (with D. Brody). (2000). The placebo response: How you can release the body’s inner pharmacy for
    better health
    . New York: HarperCollins.
  • Brown, L.L. (2008). The courage to win: A revolutionary mental toughness formula. London: LB Publishing.
  • Burr, H. S. (1972). Blueprint for immortality: The electric patterns of life.  London: Neville Spearman.
  • Callahan, R. (1978). Test Manual for CAP (Callahan Anxiety Pictures): A projective test for experimental and
    clinical evaluation of anxiety in children
    . Los Angeles: Sunset Distributors.
  • Davies, P. (1988, 1989 reprint). The cosmic blueprint. New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone.
  • Davies, P.C.W., & Brown, J. (1992). Superstrings: A theory of everything? Cambridge, NY: Cambridge
    University Press.
  • Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. New York: Lyle Stuart.
  • Feynman, R. (1999). The pleasure of finding things out. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.
  • Foster, D. (1975). The intelligent universe: A cybernetic philosophy. New York: Putnam.
  • Foster, D. (1985, 1991 reprint). The philosophical scientists. New York: Marboro.
  • Gardner, E.F., & Thompson, G. (1956). Social relations and morale in small groups. New York: Appleton
    Century Press.
  • Gazzaniga, M. (1985). Social brain. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gazzaniga, M. (1992). Nature’s mind. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gazzaniga, M. (1998). The mind’s past. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Goswami, A. (1993). The self-aware universe. New York: Putnam.
  • Groopman, J. (2004). The anatomy of hope: How people prevail in the face of illness. New York: Random House.
  • Hameroff, S.R., & Scott, A.C. (1996). Toward a science of consciousness. Boston: MIT Press.
  • Hawkins, D. (1995). Power vs. force. Sedona, AZ: Veritas Publishing.
  • Hoyle, F. (1984). The intelligent universe. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Jacques, J. (1993). The molecule and its double. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Jammer, M. (1961). Concepts of mass in classical and modern physics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Jerome, F.J. (2000). Tooth truth. Chula Vista, CA: New Century Press.
  • Judson, H.F. (1979). The eighth day of creation: Makers of the revolution in biology. London: Jonathan Cape.
  • Jung, C.G. (1953). The archetypes and the collective unconscious. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • King, J.C. (2004). Cellular wisdom: Decoding the body’s secret language. Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts.
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